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左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的临床疗效

时间:2022-10-22 19:25:04 来源:网友投稿

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[关键词] 左氧氟沙星;耐多药肺结核;临床疗效

[中图分类号] R521 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2017)06-37-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods A total of 100 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from May 2013to May 2016 were eolled and divided int two groups with 50 patients in each group. All patients were treated with the same anti-tuberculosis drug, on which patients in ofloxacin group were treated with ofloxacin, and and patients in levofloxacin group were treated with levofloxacin. The incidence of tuberculosis and tuberculosis activity, liver and kidney function, gastrointestinal tract and neurological adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The absorption rate of active lung lesions in levofloxacin group was significantly higher than that in ofloxacin group (P<0.05). The absorption rate of pulmonary effusion was 82.00% in fevofloxacin group and 94.00 in levofloxacin group. The incidence of liver and kidney function, gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events in the levofloxacin group were not significantly different from those in the flufloxacin group (P>0.05). There were mild neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms and liver damage in both groups. After the treatment of liver and symptomatic treatment, the symptoms were improved. The sputum negative conversion rate of levofloxacin group was significantly higher than that of ofloxacin group (P<0.05). The negative rate of moxifloxacin was 80.00%, and that of levofloxacin group was 94.00%. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is effective. It can effectively improve the condition of the patients. It is effective to promote the absorption of sputum tuberculosis, and promote the effective absorption of tuberculosis active lesions. It has less adverse reactions and high safety. It is worthy of promotion and application.

[Key words] Levofloxacin; Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; Clinical efficacy

目前,随着抗结核药物不合理应用现象不断增多,耐多药肺结核发病率也逐年升高,需在原有抗结核治疗的基础上,采取更为有效药物进行治疗,以改善患者预后。左氧氟沙星为氟喹诺酮类广谱抗菌药物,抗结核分枝杆菌作用强,临床应用广泛[1-3]。近年来,耐多药肺结核采用左氧氟沙星进行治疗的研究显示,左氧氟沙星对耐多药肺结核有一定的治疗作用,为了进一步进行证实,本研究收集2013年5月~2016年5月耐多药肺结核患者100例根据随机数字表法分两组进行研究,探讨左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的临床疗效,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集2013年5月~2016年5月耐多药肺结核患者100例根据随机数字表法分两组,每一组有患者50例。氧氟沙星组男41例,女29例。年龄32~70歲,平均(44.1±2.6)岁。左氧氟沙星组男40例,女30例。年龄31~71岁,平均(44.3±2.7)岁。两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。具有可比性。

1.2 方法

所有患者给予相同抗肺结核药物治疗,方案:异烟肼每次0.3g,每天1次;利福平每次0.45g,每天1次;乙胺丁醇每次0.75g,每天1次。在此基础上,氧氟沙星组进行氧氟沙星(上海信谊药厂有限公司,H31022997)治疗,每次0.3g,每天1次口服。左氧氟沙星组进行左氧氟沙星治疗。左氧氟沙星(山西同达药业有限公司,H20063907)组进行氧氟沙星治疗,每次0.3g,每天1次口服[4]。两组患者均治疗6个月之后评价疗效。

1.3 观察指标

比较两组患者痰结核菌转阴率和肺结核活动性病灶吸收率、肝肾功能、胃肠道、神经系统不良反应发生情况。吸收效果:显著吸收,病灶空洞闭合,吸收量>2/3;吸收,病灶空洞减少,吸收量<2/3;无变化,治疗前后病灶空洞和区域无变化[5]。转阴:每个月1次痰检,连续2次阴性且不复阳视为转阴[6]。

1.4 统计学处理

以SPSS20.0软件处理,计数资料采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者痰结核菌转阴率比较

左氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率明显高于氧氟沙星组(P<0.05),其中,氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率为82.00%;左氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率为94.00%。见表1。

2.2 两组患者肺结核活动性病灶吸收率比较

左氧氟沙星组患者痰结核菌转阴率均明显高于氧氟沙星组(P<0.05),其中,氧氟沙星组痰结核菌转阴率为80.00%;左氧氟沙星组痰结核菌转阴率为94.00%。见表2。

2.3 两组患者肝肾功能、胃肠道、神经系统不良反应发生情况比较

左氧氟沙星组肝肾功能、胃肠道、神经系统不良反应发生情况跟氧氟沙星组无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组均出现轻微神经系统症状、胃肠道症状和肝功能损害,经保肝处理和对症处理后症状好转。见表3。

3 讨论

目前,耐多药肺结核发病率逐年升高,已经成为结核病防治难点之一,其出现和化疗方案不合理、患者治疗依从性低下、药物副作用、因无法承担医药费用无法完成完整疗程治疗等因素相关[7-9]。

耐多药肺结核是痰或其他标本分离出耐RFP和INH两种或两种以上主要抗结核药物的结核杆菌,常规一线药物疗效不满意,治愈率低,死亡率高。有研究显示,氟喹诺酮类药物在肺组织、支气管黏膜、巨噬细胞、支气管肺泡灌洗液中药物浓度高,组织浓度和血清浓度比例大于1,对耐多药肺结核治疗有明显优势[9-10]。

左氧氟沙星是具有光学活性氧氟沙星L型异构体,可对DNA旋转酶A亚单位进行抑制,并对细菌DNA复制、转录进行抑制,可促进细菌DNA降解和死亡,发挥抗菌作用。左氧氟沙星在体内吸收好,副作用少,临床疗效确切[11-14]。

本研究结果显示,左氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率明显高于氧氟沙星组(P<0.05),其中,氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率为82.00%;左氧氟沙星组肺结核活动性病灶吸收率为94.00%;左氧氟沙星组肝肾功能、胃肠道、神经系统不良反应发生情况跟氧氟沙星组无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组均出现轻微神经系统症状、胃肠道症状和肝功能损害,经保肝处理和对症处理后症状好转。左氧氟沙星组患者痰结核菌转阴率均明显高于氧氟沙星组(P<0.05),其中,氧氟沙星组痰结核菌转阴率为80.00%;左氧氟沙星组痰结核菌转阴率为94.00%。

综上所述,左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的临床疗效确切,可有效改善患者病情,对于促进痰结核菌转阴和促进肺结核活动性病灶吸收效果确切,不良反应少,安全性高,值得推广应用。

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(收稿日期:2017-01-06)

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