打开文本图片集
摘要：【目的】探討在零换水条件下开展凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖的可行性，为后续推动对虾零换水高效健康养殖模式的规模化产业应用提供参考依据。【方法】采用封闭式串联养殖池系统，凡纳滨对虾虾苗放养密度690尾/m3，养殖周期91 d（13周），以生物絮团技术调控养殖水质，养殖全程不换水，定期监测与分析养殖水体主要水质指标及细菌数量的动态变化特征。【结果】经13周的零换水养殖后，凡纳滨对虾平均存活率为（83.90±2.74）%，收获规格平均为14.50±0.99 g/尾，单位水体对虾产量平均为8.39±0.48 kg/m3，饲料系数平均为1.25±0.06，养殖对虾单产平均耗水量为120.00±6.38 L/kg。从养殖第7周起，水体中生物絮团量维持在18.2～30.4 mL/L，pH基本维持在7.31～7.60，总碱度在116～224 mg/L范围内波动变化，总氨氮（TAN）浓度降低至0.45 mg/L以下并保持至试验结束，亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）浓度保持低于0.70 mg/L，硝酸盐氮（NO3−-N）浓度呈持续上升趋势，至试验结束时接近135.0 mg/L。养殖水体中的异养细菌和弧菌数量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，其中，异养细菌从第9周后一直维持在×106 CFU/mL的数量级水平，弧菌从第7周后一直维持在×102 CFU/mL的数量级水平。【结论】科学运用生物絮团技术对凡纳滨对虾养殖水质进行原位调控能实现高密度零换水的高效健康养殖，还可有效提高水资源的利用效率，有助于推动对虾养殖产业的绿色健康发展。
关键词： 凡纳滨对虾;高密度养殖;零换水;微生物调控;生物絮团
中图分类号： S966.129 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2019）12-2833-08
Production trial and analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei based on biofloc technology at a high density in zero-water exchange systems
FAN Peng-cheng1，2， XU Wu-jie2，3， WEN Guo-liang1，2， XU Yu2，3， XU Yun-na2， LI Zhuo-jia2， YANG Keng2， ZHANG Jian-she1， CAO Yu-cheng1，2，3*
（1Zhejiang Ocean University/National Marine Facility Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center，Zhoushan， Zhejiang 316022， China; 2South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Guangzhou 510300， China; 3Shenzhen
Experimental Base， South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences，Shenzhen，Guangdong 518121， China）
Abstract：【Objective】This study discussed the feasibility of zero-water exchange for high density culture of Litopenaeus vannamei， in order to provide reference for future promotion of large-scale industrial application of the environment friendly and high effective aquaculture. 【Method】In this trial， a closed cascaded ponds system was adopted， the stocking density of L. vannamei was 690 ind/m3， and the culture period was 91 d（13 weeks）. Biofloc technology was used to control the water quality of pond systems， and no water was exchanged during the whole culture period. Key water quality parameters and dynamic change of bacteria volume were regularly monitored and analyzed. 【Result】After the 13 weeks（91 d） zero-water exchange culture， the average yield was 8.39±0.48 kg/m3 with an average weight of 14.50±0.99 g/ind， and an average survival rate of （83.9±2.74）%. The feed coefficient was 1.25±0.06 and average water volume used for producing 1 kg shrimps was 120.00±6.38 L/kg. Seven weeks after the start of the trial， the bioflocs volume in the culture water was 18.2-30.4 mL/L， pH remained at 7.31-7.60， total alkali showed no obvious fluctuation regulation within the range of 116-224 mg/L. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen（TAN） and nitrite nitrogen（NO2--N） were kept below 0.45 mg/L and 0.70 mg/L respectively till the end of the experiment. The concentration of nitrite nitrogen（NO3--N） showed an escalating trend， reaching 135.0 mg/L in the end. The quantity variation of the heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio in water increased at the initial stage and then decreased， with the former maintaining at the level of ×106 CFU/mL since the 9th week and the latter at the level of ×102 CFU/mL since the 7th week. 【Conclusion】Scientific application of biofloc technology for water quality control in situ can realize efficient and healthy aquaculture of L. vannamei in zero-water exchange systems， and meanwhile improve the utilization efficiency of water resources， thereby helping to drive the sustaina-ble development of shrimp aquaculture industry.