高二英语选修知识点第1篇△realistic现实主义的;逼真的;现实的abstract抽象的;深奥的摘要sculpture雕塑△sculptor雕刻家;雕塑家gallery美术陈列室;画廊faith信下面是小编为大家整理的高二英语选修知识点集锦11篇,供大家参考。
高二英语选修知识点 第1篇
△realistic 现实主义的;逼真的;
现实的
abstract 抽象的;深奥的
摘要
sculpture 雕塑
△sculptor 雕刻家;雕塑家
gallery 美术陈列室;画廊
faith 信任;信心;信念
faithfully 忠实地
△consequently 所以;因而
aim 目标;目的
& 瞄准;(向某方向)努力
conventional 常规的;传统的;
因循守旧的
typical 典型的;有代表性的
evident 明显的;明白的
△Giotto di Bondone 乔托(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)
△renaissance 新生;复兴;复活
△the Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期)
adopt 采用;采纳;收养
△humanistic 人道主义的
possess 拥有;具有;支配
possession (尤作复数)所有;
财产
superb 卓越的;杰出的;
极好的
△perspective _画法;_图;
观点
technique 技术;方法;技能
△Masaccio 马萨乔(意大利画家)
coincidence 巧合(的事);(事情、口味、故事等)相合
by coincidence 巧合地
△masterpiece 杰作;名著
△impressionism 印象主义;
印象派
△impressionist 印象派的
印象派艺术家
△post-impressionist 后印象派的
后印象派艺术家
a great deal 大量
shadow 阴影;影子
ridiculous 荒谬的;可笑的
controversial 争论的;争议的
attempt 努力;尝试;企图
尝试;企图
on the other hand (可是)另一方面
predict 预言;预告;预测
△landscape 风景;景色
specific 确切的;特定的
figure 画像;身材;数字
clay 黏土
△critic 评论家;批评者
△bronze 青铜;青铜色;
青铜制艺术品
marble 大理石
△Mona Lisa 蒙娜?丽莎
(达?芬奇所作的一幅肖像画)
△Leonardo da Vinci 列奥纳多?达?芬奇
(意大利画家)
carve 雕刻;刻记
delicate 脆弱的;容易生病的;
精致的
△Michelangelo 米开朗基罗
(意大利文艺复兴雕刻家、画家、建筑师和诗人)
△canvas 帆布;画布
△Picasso 毕加索(西班牙画家)
café 咖啡馆;小餐馆
allergic 过敏性的;对……过敏的
△effectively 有效地
exhibition 展览;陈列;展览会
aggressive 敢作敢为的;侵略的;
好斗的
scholar 学者
flesh 肉;肌肉;_
in the flesh 活着的;本人
△Matisse 马蒂斯(法国画家)
geometry 几何学
bunch 束;串
△ Manhattan 曼哈顿岛;曼哈顿区
(纽约市中心)
avenue 林荫道;道路;大街
preference 喜爱;偏爱
△Guggenheim Museum
古根海姆博物馆
△display 展示;陈列;显露
appeal 有感染力;呼吁;求助
将……上诉
呼吁;恳求
appeal to (对某人)有吸引力;
(使某人)感兴趣
fragile 精细的;易碎的;脆弱的
△circular 圆形的;环形的;
循环的
△metropolitan 主要都市的;
大城市的
reputation 名声;名誉
civilization 文明;文化;
文明社会
Egypt 埃及(东北非国家)
Egyptian 埃及的;埃及人的
visual 视觉的;看得见的
fragrant 香的;令人愉快的
△Monet 莫奈(法国画家)
△Whitney 惠特尼
△Madison 麦迪逊
contemporary 当代的;
同时代的
permanent 永久的;持久的
district 区;区域;行政区
committee 委员会
signature 署名;签字
△poetry 诗(总称);诗意
tick 给……标记号
rhyme 韵;押韵;押韵的词
& (使)押韵
convey 传达;运送
△emotion 情感;情结;感情
nursery 托儿所
nursery rhyme 童谣
concrete 具体的
△repetition 重复;反复;循环
contradictory 引起矛盾的;
好反驳的
△hush & (使某人)安静下来
△mockingbird 嘲鸫(一种鸟,能模仿其他鸟的叫声)
diamond 钻石;菱形
△brass 黄铜;黄铜器
△billy-goat 公山羊
flexible 灵活的;可弯曲的;
柔顺的
pattern 模式;式样;图案
△squire 乡绅
cottage 村舍;小屋
高二英语选修知识点 第2篇
【First aid知识点】
first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。
短语联想：
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb"s aid 帮助某人
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护
with the aid of 借助于
get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we were 我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。
高二英语选修知识点 第3篇
first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。
短语联想
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb"s aid 帮助某人
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护
with the aid of 借助于
get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we were
My bike is getting (is being)repaired
Protect 动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong
【短语联想】
? 不让/避免
? (from) 阻止
? (from) 妨碍/防止
使……失去(能力/资格)
挽救、拯救
on 取决于。
The amount you pay depends on where you 词义拓展
depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on 他的一家人全靠他养活。
依赖，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by
squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子
squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，
Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of
hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：
The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt
The driver hurt himself in the 司机在事故中受了伤。
unless 除非……;如果不……。如：
icy 冰凉的
-y 是个形容词后缀。如：
windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的
greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的
thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的
in place 放在适当的地方。如：
The librarian put the returned books in 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。
Yon"d better put things back in , it will be difficult to find
sense 感觉
?sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉
? sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉
? sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感
?ense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感
variety 多样, 种类,
★ a variety of… 各种各样……
【词语联想】
various 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的
Everyone arrived late at the party for various
【重点句型】
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help
=If you don?t change your mind，I won ’t be able to help
除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。
高二英语选修知识点 第4篇
获得;实现;达到预期的目的
achieve an aim / goal达到目标
achieve success 获得成功
辨析：achieve，reach，gain
achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。
reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
_He hopes to achieve all his aims soon
_You can achieve your ambition if you work
_If you do one thing each day, you will reach your
_But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult
_This should help you gain
_We can gain some insight from
achievement [c]成就，功绩
_He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific
_Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great
表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”;conditions(复数)指一般情况，环境。
_I starve for your help in such a
_You worry about her
_I suggested he should adapt himself to his new
_We should make decisions in accordance with specific 与condition相关的词组：
in good/poor condition 状况好/不好
out of condition 状况不好
on condition that 在……条件下，假使
on no condition 决不
连接，关系
in connection with 与……有关
_ Police said later that they"d arrested one person in connection with the
举止，举动，行为表现
behave oneself 表现良好，行为良好
_ Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one"s behave as 起……作用，表现为……
_ Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we
值得做的，值得出力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth
_It is worthwhile buying the is worthwhile to discuss the plan
辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile
(1)worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语; worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
_It isn’t worth the
_He is a worthy
_His behavior is worthy of great
_They achieved a very worthwhile
_We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the
(2)worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰(要表示类似意思可用 well)，而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用副词 very 修饰。
_That is very worthy of our
_Nursing is a very worthwhile
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth (very 应改为 well)
(3)搭配习惯不同
be worth +
_The picture is worth $
_The clock is hardly worth (主动形式表示被动)
be worthy of +
Be worthy to do sth
_Their efforts are worthy of your
_This suggestion is worthy of being suggestion is worthy to be
Be worthwhile doing/to do sth
作动词，后直接跟宾语。
_I want him to respect me as a career
作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。
_If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。
_Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to
与respect相关的短语：
respect oneself 自重，自尊
have/show respect for 对……尊重/尊敬
have respect to 注意，考虑
in respect of sth 就某方面而言。
with respect to 涉及，关于。
争论，辩论
argue with sb(about/for…) (为/关于……)和某人辩论
_If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree
_Don"t argue with
argue for/against… 辩论赞成……/反对……_If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to
persuade people that it is
_If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order
to persuade people that it is wrong
与argue相关的词组：
argue back 反驳
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
鼓舞，激发
inspire sb(to do sth) 赋予某人灵感，启迪
_His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve
inspire sb(with sth)/inspire sth in sb 激励/鼓励某人的……
_A sincere compliment can inspire someone with
Inspired：有创造力的，有雄心壮志的，受灵感启示的
Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感兴趣的
高二英语选修知识点 第5篇
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast
过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you
4 作方式或伴随状语
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作让步状语
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 独立主格结构：
当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at
Although he was left alone at home,
现在分词与过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more (see)
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用
高二英语选修知识点 第6篇
Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组
studies show that AIDS virus cannot be transmitted via the following routes：cups，glasses，toilet seats，swimming pools，mosquitoes，other insects or blood ()
is a disease that breaks down the body"s immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and ()
get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV ()
transmit HIV by having unprotected sex，by receiving infected blood transfusions or，as in Xiaohua"s case，through ()
"s mother contracted the HIV virus when she was 28，and she died of AIDS only three years after Xiaohua was ()
disease is spreading faster in Africa and parts of Asia，mainly because of a lack of proper health care，prevention and ()
drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to ()
she does not let that knowledge discourage ()
also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them ()
disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer ()
can persuade hospitals and companies to allocate more funds for AIDS research and ()
has learnt to live with HIV and the fact she will eventually get ()
years ago，Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and had taken samples of my ()
held my hand and I saw that she was ()
is a disease that begins in ()
my body，the production of cells is ()
do know that cancer is not caused by injury and is not contagious—it does not spread from one person to ()
cancer in my body has been defeated for the ()
with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the ()
day is a new opportunity and I have learnt to appreciate every minute of each
Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点和语法重点
points语言点
is
AIDS is a disease a person defenceless against infections and ()
本单元中由前缀或后缀派生出的反义词的小结
get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV ()
完成时的动名词的被动式的内涵及用法
with most diseases and disasters，the young suffer the
“定冠词 + 形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人”的用法的小结
had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me ()
1)过去完成进行时的内涵及用法
2)“to have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的两个内涵及用法
treatment was successful and I was able to go home after exactly fourteen months，two days and six hours in ()
was/were able to do与could do在内涵上的区别及各自的用法
have been living with cancer for two years ()
现在完成进行时的内涵及用法
Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧
：Master the main idea of a long dialogue through the inner connections among the questions so as to have better understanding of the questioned details
从各设问间的内在联系把握较长对话的中心思想，更好理解各检测点的细节
：Talk about deadly diseases and attitudes towards AIDS，cancer，
关于那些致命疾病及对待艾滋病、癌症等的态度的谈论
：Make full use of informational words and phrases
充分利用信息词
：How to write a personal narrative
如何写一篇个人经历过的叙述性故事
高二英语选修知识点 第7篇
Unit 1 A land of diversity
原文+翻译
CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of 当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered 欧洲人在16世纪到来这里之后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难。
Thousands were killed or forced into 成千上万人被杀或被迫成为奴隶。In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the 另外, 欧洲人带来的疾病，使许多人染病而死。
However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other 不过，还是有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
THE SPANISH西班牙人
In the 18th century California was ruled by 在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是被西班牙统治的。
Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their 西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United 两个世纪以后, 西班牙人在南美洲大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the 在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from 1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。
California then became part of 加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the 1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the 但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙文化的影响。That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second 这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
RUSSIANS俄罗斯人
In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in 在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San 今天，住在旧金山及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人大约25，000人。
GOLD MINERS金矿工
In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in 1848年,美墨战争后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。
The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the 发财梦很快就吸引了来自世界各地的人。The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United 距离最近因而来的最早的是南美洲人和美国人， Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon 随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。
In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming 事实上, 很少有人圆了发财梦。Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great They settled in the new towns or on 许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，大多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。
By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候, 它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。
LATER A RRIVALS后来的移民
Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 虽然中国移民在淘金热期间就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在十九世纪六十年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San 今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美藉华人居住,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和旧金山的“中国城”里。Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th 十九世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有些酿酒工人。
In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish 1911年丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今仍保留着丹麦文化。
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, 到了二十世纪二十年代，电影产业在加利福尼亚州的好莱坞建立了起来。
The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish 这个行业吸引了许多欧洲人包括许多犹太人。Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United 今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled 日本的农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的,而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。
People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from 非洲人从19世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft 然而更多的非洲人在1942年到1945年之间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作的。
MOST RECENT ARRIVALS最近期的移民
In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and 在最近几十年里,加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家,包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。
Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to 从20世纪70年代开始发展计算机工业以来，加利福尼亚又吸引了印度人和巴勒斯坦人的到来。
THE FUTURE未来展望
People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引,仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and 人们认为, 要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
重要单词
手段;方法
受奴役的状态;奴隶制
大多数;大半
移居入境;移民
百分比;百分率
飞行器;航空器;飞机
混合;拌和 混合;结合
混合;混合状态;混合物
国籍;民族
人族的;种族的
申请人
社会主义者;社会党人 社会主义的
发生;出现
中心的;中央的;主要的
指出;标示;表明;暗示
vi& 交换
显而易见的;显然的;表面上的
显然地;显而易见的
滑动;滑行;滑跤 滑动;滑倒
渡船;渡口 摆渡;渡运
vt& 租用;雇佣
插入;嵌入
作出反应;回应
重要短语
means of 用……方法;借助……
addition 而且
war on ……向……宣战
in 包括;吸收
great/good many 许多，很多
various times 在不同时代
make a life (for ) 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等;谋生
keep up 保持;继续
a good view of 好好欣赏……
up with 与……合作或一起工作
out 划线;标出……界线
Unit 2 Cloning
原文+翻译
CLONING:WHERE IS IT LEADING US?克隆：它将把我们引向何方?
Cloning has always been with us and is here to 克隆一直与我们同在，而且它还要持续下去。It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or 这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。
It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。
It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original 这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。The fact is that these are both examples of natural 实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。
Cloning has two major 克隆技术有两大用途。
Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of 第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物; Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on 第二，它在对新植物物种的研究以及在对动物的医学研究方面都是很有价值的。
Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very It is a difficult task to 克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就比较复杂了，是一项很难完成的任务。Many attempts to clone mammals 克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。
But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough- the cloning of Dolly the 但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。The procedure works like this:它的程序如下图(略)所示：
母羊(甲)提供一个卵细胞。
在卵细胞中取出细胞核。
卵细胞准备接受新的细胞核。
母羊(乙)提供一个供克隆的躯干细胞，该细胞应包含有生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。
取出该细胞的细胞核。
用电把母羊(乙)的躯干细胞核和母羊(甲)的卵细胞连接起来。
细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。
把胚胎置入另外一头寄生的母羊(丙)体内，母羊(丙)就是克隆羊的代孕。
这头小羔羊就是母羊(乙)所提供的细胞核克隆而成的。
On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the 一方面整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。
The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very 多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly"s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older 研究看来的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。
Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original 可悲的是，多莉只活了六年半，这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。
Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned 可悲的是，同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其他物种，如克隆鼠。The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? 科学家们的脑海里产生的问题是“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢?Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?" 这种现象会不会永远发生?如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决呢?”
On the other hand, Dolly"s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public 另一方面，多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
It became It suddenly opened everybody"s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human 它引起了争议，因为它突破打开了人们的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病，甚至还有可能克隆出人类。
Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞很难获得，报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。Religious leaders also raised moral 宗教领袖还提出了道德方面的问题。
Governments became nervous and more 各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎。Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could 有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究，但是其他国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。
However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading 然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。
重要单词
differ 不同：相异
exact 准确的，精确的：精密的
commercial 商业的：贸易的
straightforward 简单的：直接的：坦率的
undertake 着手：从事：承担
breakthough 突破
disturbing 烦扰的
arbitrary 任意的
altogether 总共：完全地
object 不赞成：反对
moral 道德上的：伦理的
forbid 禁止：不准
accumulate 积累：聚积
shortly 立刻：不久
bother 打扰：操心/烦扰
assumption 假定：设想
regulation 规则：规章：法规
extinct 灭绝的：绝种的
resist 抵抗：对抗
merely 仅：只：不过
decoration 装饰
unable 不能的：不会的
argument 论据：论点：争论
obtain 获得：得到
identical 同一的：一模一样的
重要短语
( be) cast down (by) 使沮丧
object to 不赞成，反对
object to doing 反对某人干某事
have no objection to doing 不反对某人干某事
in favor of 赞成，同意，支持，看中，选中
in ’s favor 对某人有利的(地)
do a favor 帮某人忙
(be) bound to (do) 一定，注定(做)。。。
from time to time 不时，偶尔
bring back to life 使复生
pay off (无被动)得到好结果，取得成功，奏效，偿清，付清
pay a visit to 拜访，访问
pay attention to 注意
pay for 为。。。付款，为。。。付出代价
have an impact on 对。。。有影响
pass on …to 将。。。传给。。。
take turns to do 轮流干某事
experiment with 进行。。。的试验
give birth to 生，使诞生
look back on 回顾
differ from 不同于，和。。。不同，和。。。意见不一致
differ in 在。。方面不同
differ with 与某人意见不同
be different from 与。。。不同，有区别
make a difference 产生差别，起重要作用
make no difference 不起作用
tell the difference between A and B 分辨出A与B的不同，区分A与B
undertake 承担某事
forbid 禁止某事/干某事
forbid to do sth 不准某人干某事.
forbid doing 禁止某人干某事
forbidden 禁止的，不准的
bother with/about 为某事打扰或烦扰某人
the thing that bothers is …让某人感到不安的是…
bothersome 引起麻烦的，困扰人的
resist doing 反对做某事
resist the temptation 抵抗诱惑
be bound to do/be 一定，注定
find/think/make + it + for to do 发现/思考/让某人做…
find done/doing 发现某人/某物怎么样
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
原文+翻译
THE PROBLEM OF THE SHRIKES蛇的困扰
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
"There are some snakes in our courtyard," she told “我们院子里有几条蛇，”她告诉我说， "Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut Can you get rid of them please?" “蛇时不时地爬到屋子边上来。可这几条蛇似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。你能不能把它们赶走?” I felt very 我感到很自豪， Here was a chance for .me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!我知道我的父母亲是不会让我伤害这些生物的。
The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
A new approach was clearly 很明显，我得找一种新的方法了。
I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap 于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution 好在这些爬行动物都很小，问题比较容易解决。
Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches: 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法：
firstly, removing their habitat; 第一，铲除蛇的栖息地;secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; 第二，用男人或女人用的香水或食物把它们引进陷阱; and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily 第三，降低它们的体温，使它们困乏，这样就容易把它们捉住。
I decided to use the last 我决定采用最后一种方法。
I bought an ice-cream maker which was made of stainless Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when 我买了一个制冰淇淋的不锈钢碗，在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。
I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 我把这个碗放进冰箱，冷冻了24小时。At the same time I prepared some 与此同时，我还准备了一些冰块儿。
The next morning I got up early before the sun was 第二天早晨太阳光还不太热，我就早早起床了。I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes" habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it 我把冰冻的碗放在蛇窝的上方，再把小冰块放在碗上，以使碗保持冷却状态。
Finally I covered the whole thing with a large 最后再用一个大桶把碗罩住。于是我就等着。Then I After two hours I removed the bucket and the 过了两个小时我才把桶和碗一起拿开。
The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for 蛇不像以前那么活跃了。
They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the 但是对于我来说，它们行动还是太快了，突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
So I had to adjust my 于是我只得调整我的计划。
For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes" habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to 第二次试验我用的还是冰冻的碗和冰块儿，但是这次我是在夜晚气温开始变凉的时候把它们放在蛇窝的上方， Then as before, I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything 然后用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那儿。
Early the next morning I returned to see the 第二天一早我就去看结果。This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very 这一次我蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
But once picked up, they tried to bite 但是一把它们提起来，它们就要咬我。
As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design 因为它们都是毒蛇，所以很显然我还得改进我的捕蛇方案。
My third attempt repeated the second 第三次试验重复了第二次的程序，The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite 第二天早晨我的手里拿了一个捕鱼的小网，这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to 经过仔细的监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。I collected the passive snakes and the next day we merrily released them all back into the 我把这些温顺的蛇收集起来，第二天就把他们全部释放到野外了。
Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent 由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly (评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。In addition, no invention will get a patent if it is:此外，你的想法如果属于下列情况，那么你也不可能得到专利：
◎a discovery一种发现
◎a scientific idea or mathematical model一种科学理论或数学模式
◎literature or art文学或艺术
◎a game or a business一场游戏或一笔交易
◎a computer programme一个电脑程序
◎a new animal or plant variety一种新的动植物物种
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else" 你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or 专利局还有一大批审查人员，他们的唯一职责就是审查你的专利申请是否有效。
If it passes all the tests, your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you 如果通过了所有这些审查，你申请的专利就会在你提出申请的18个月之后公布出来。
So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent 于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了申请书。
Now it"s a matter of waiting and 现在就是等待和期盼了。
You"ll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance! 将来你看看我的银行结余金额就会知道我是否成功了。
Wish me luck!祝我好运吧!
重要单词
discovery 发现;发觉
patent 专利证书;专利发明
distinguish vi&vt显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别
product 产品
powder 粉末;火药
abrupt 突然的;意外的
convenient 便利的;方便的
expectation 预料;期望
monitor 监控;班长;监听器;监视器
被动的;消极的;被动语态的
valid 有效的;确凿的
申请;请求;实施
文件;档案;文件夹，把……归档;提交
忍受;忍耐;负担
堵塞;阻塞;果酱
脏乱的状态;杂乱
点;小圆点，以小圆点标出;分散
轻打;轻拍;轻敲，轻轻地敲击;龙头
金属丝;电线
电流;现在的;当前的
重要性
稳固的;稳定的;安定的
实际的;实践的;实用的
法庭;法院;朝廷
版本;译本
重要短语
now and then 偶尔;有时
get rid of 除去;除掉
set about 开始;着手
in case (以防)万一
set out to do 开始(做)
be aware of 意识到
in truth 的确;事实上
out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障
get through 设法联系上;做完，通过
ring back 回复电话
call up 给……打电话
dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入
hang on 不挂断;紧紧握住;稍等
ring off 挂断电话
Unit 4 Pygmalion
原文+翻译
PYGMALION皮格马利翁
MAIN CHARACTERS: 主要人物：
Eliza Doolittle (E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself
Professor Higgins (H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person"s English decides his/her position in society
Colonel Pickering (CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins" who sets him a task
伊莱扎·杜立特尔(伊)：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活
希金斯教授(希)：语言学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位
皮克林上校(皮)：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。希金斯还给上校安排了一项任务
Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS第一幕 决定性的会面
11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a 1914年某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场外。
It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all 下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。A man is hiding from the rain listening to people"s language and watching their 有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。While watching, he makes 一边观察，一边做记录。Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the 附近有一个卖花姑娘也在躲雨。A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a 这时有位先生(先)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor
伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花把!
G: I"m sorry but I haven"t any
先：对不起，我没有零钱。
E: I can giv’ou change, cap’
伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。
G: (surprised) For a pound? I"m afraid I"ve got nothing
先：(惊奇地)一个英镑你找得开吗?没有再小的钱了。
E: (hopefully) Oah! Oh, do buy a flower off me, Take this for three (holds up some dead flowers)
伊：(带有希望的神色)啊!好啦，买一束吧。拿这一束，只要三个便士。(举起一束已经枯萎的花)
G: (uncomfortably) Now don"t be troublesome, there"s a good (looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly) But, wait, here"s some small Will that be of any use to you? It"s raining heavily now, isn"t it? (leaves)
先：(不舒服地)别烦我了，好姑娘。(在钱包里找什么，这时语气好些了)等一等，这儿有几个零钱。这点钱对你有用吗?雨下大了，不是吗?(说完就走了)
E: (disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing) Thank you, (sees a man taking notes and feels worried) Hey! I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that I"ve a right to sell flowers, I I ain’t no I"m an honest girl I am! (begins to cry)
伊：(对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好)先生，谢谢了。(看到有人在记什么，感到很担心)嗨，我跟那位先生说话，又没有做错什么事情。我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛!我不是小偷，我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的。(开始哭起来)
H: (kindly) There! There! Who"s hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for? (gives her a handkerchief)
希：(友善地)好啦，好啦!谁伤害你了，傻姑娘!你把我当成什么人了?(递给她一条手帕)
E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in
伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。
H: Do I look like a policeman?
希：我像警察吗?
E: (still worried) Then why did "ou take down my words for? How do I know whether "ou took me down right? "ou just show me what "ou"ve wrote about me!
伊：(仍在担心)那你为什么要把我说的话记下来呢?我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢?那你把你写的东西给我看看。
H: Here you (hands over the paper covered in writing)
希：你看吧!(把写满字的纸递给她)
E: What"s that? That ain"t proper I can"t read (pushes it back at him)
伊：这是什么呀?不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。(把纸退回给他)
H: I (reads imitating Eliza) "Come over" ere, cap"in, and buy me flowers off a poor " (in his own voice) There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I"m not
希：我来读。(模仿伊的声音读)长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧!(改用自己的声音说)好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛。
E: (looking confused) What if I was? What"s it to you?
伊：(困惑不解似的)如果我是又怎么样呢?跟你有什么关系吗?
CP: (has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins) That"s quite brilliant! How did you do that, may I ask?
皮：(本来是一直望着这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了)太棒了!请问你是怎么知道的呢?
H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people"s own That"s my profession and also my You can place a man by just a few I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London
希：对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。这是我的专业。也是我的业余爱好。我可以根据几句话判定是哪个地方的人。差距不过六英里。有时候在伦敦甚至不超过两个街区呢。
CP: Let me congratulate you! But is there an income to be made in that?
皮：恭喜你了!不过，你这样做有收入吗?
H: Yes, Quite a good This is the age of the newly People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 But they betray themselves every time they open their Now once taught by me, she"d become an upper class lady
希：当然有啊，还挺高呢。这是个致富的年代。人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是10万英镑了。但是他们一张嘴就露出马脚(暴露自己的身份)。如今让我一教，她就会变成一个上层阶级的淑女……
CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!
皮：是吗?那太妙了!
H: (rudely) Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador"s garden Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady"s maid or a shop assistant, which requires better
希：(粗鲁地)你瞧那个姑娘，英语说的那么糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子了。不过，先生，(高傲地)要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
E: What"s that you say? A shop assistant? Now that"s sommat I want, that is!
伊：你说啥来着?店员?这正是我想要做的，真的!
H: (ignores her) Can you believe that?
希：(不理睬她)你相信我说的话吗?
CP: Of course! I study many Indian dialects myself and
皮：当然相信。我自己就学了好多种印度语，而且……
H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering?
希：真的吗?那你认不认得皮克林上校呢?
CP: Indeed I do, for that is Who are you?
皮：当然认得，皮克林就是我。那么请问你贵姓?
H: I"m Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet
希：我是亨利·希金斯。我还打算要去印度见你呢。
CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
皮：我也正是到英国来找你的!
E: What about me? How"ll you help me?
伊：我呢?你们怎么帮助我呢?
H: Oh, take (carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket) We must have a celebration, my dear (leave together)
希：啊，拿去吧!(漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔去一把钱)好老兄，我们该美美地庆祝一番了。(一道离去)
E: (looking at the collected money in amazement) Well, I A whole pound! A fortune! That"ll help me, indeed it Tomorrow I"ll find you, Henry Just you wait and see! All that talk of (imitates him) "authentic English" (in her own voice) I"ll see whether you can get that for me (goes out)
伊：(惊奇地看着收集起来的钱)啊，我还从来没有见过!整整一个英镑呢!一笔财富呀!这的确给我帮大忙了。真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧!你那口(模仿他的声音)“真正的英语”……(用自己的声音)我倒要看看你能不能帮我找到……(离去)
重要单词
adaptation 适应(性);改编本
plot 情节;阴谋
hesitate 犹豫;踌躇
uncomfortable 不舒服的;不安的;不自在的
troublesome 带来麻烦的;使人心烦的
outcome 结果;效果
mistaken (见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的
brilliant 光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的
classify 编排;分类;归类
betray 显露出(本来面目);背叛
dismiss 开除;让……离开
condemn 谴责;使……注定
acquaintance 相识;了解;熟人
fortune 机会;运气;大笔的钱
upper (位置或地位)较高的;级别较高的
status 身份;地位;职位
superio 优秀的;优等的;较高的;上级的 上级;长官
antique 古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的文物;古董;古玩
musical 音乐的;喜爱音乐的 音乐戏剧
compromise 妥协;折衷
horrible 可怕的;恐怖的;令人不愉快的
disgusting 使人反感的;令人厌恶的
overlook 俯视;未看到;忽视;不理会
fade (使)褪色，减弱;逐渐消失
classic 经典的;第一流的 经典著作
effective 有效的
重要短语
hold up 举起;阻搁;阻挡
make one’s acquaintance 结识;与 ……相见
in amazement 惊愕地
in term of … 就……来说;从……角度
show …in 带或领……进来
the other day 几天前
take away 带走;取走
once more 再一次
in need of… 需要……
take…for .认为……是……;误以为
take down 写下;记下
pass…off as… (某人)冒充……
fade out (声音，画面)逐渐模糊，渐淡
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
原文+翻译
A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES周口店洞穴参观记
A group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a An archaeologist (A) is showing them 一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，有一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。
A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in You must be aware that it"s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the We"ve been excavating here for many years and
考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行的挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且……S1: I"m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and
学1：对不起，打断了你的讲话。请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢?这儿只有石头和树木啊。
A: Good You are an acute We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the
考：问得好。你是个敏锐地观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn"t have mats, blankets or quilts like we It must have been very
学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢?他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
A: We"ve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all We haven"t found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing
考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago?
学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢?
A: Well, we"ve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people? (shows picture of a sewing needle)
考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢?(指着一张画有针线的照片让大家看)
Gosh! That"s a Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?
学2：哎呀，那是一根针。天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗?
A: What else do you think it might have been used for?
考：除此之外，你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗?
S4: Let me look at It"s at most three centimetres Ah yes, it seems to be made of I wonder how they made the hole for the
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，看起来像是骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎么样做成针眼的。
S2: (interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?
学2：(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿?他们又是从哪里搞到衣料呢?
A: They didn"t have material like we have Can you guess what they used?
考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗?
Sl: Wow! Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I"m sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew
学1：哇，他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗?他们那些衣服是怎么做成的?兽皮剪裁并缝起来一定又厚又重啊。
A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces Quite a difficult and messy task! Now look at (shows a necklace)
考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活!现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)
S2:Why, it"s a primitive Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It"s lovely!
学2：哎呀!这是一条原始的项链吧。早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吗?太漂亮了!
A:Yes, and so well What do you think it"s made
考：是的，还保存得很好呢。你们看看是用什么做的?
S4:Let me Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of
学4：我来摸摸看。我想，有的珠子是用兽骨做的，有的是用贝壳做的，对吗?
A:How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the Can you identify any other bones?
考：你真聪明!有块骨头实际上是用野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你还认得别的骨头吗?
S1:This one looks very much like a fish Is that reasonable?
学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗?
A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow Probably there were fish in
考：很对。植物学的分析结果明确地告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。当时湖里可能是有鱼的。
S3:But a lake is not the We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here?
学3：不过，湖并不是海呀。我们离海还远着呢。那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢?
A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their We know that they moved around, following the herds of They didn"t grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted That"s why they are called hunters and Now, why don"t we go and visit the caves?
考：早期人类之间也许有贸易往来，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人和采摘者的缘故。好了，咱们去参观洞穴好吗?
重要单词
alternative 可能的选择;选择对象 供选择的;其他的
accuracy 精确：准确
interrupt 打断…讲话;打岔 暂时中断或中止
assume 假定;设想
sharpen (使)锋利，尖锐，清晰
ample 足够的;充足的;富裕的
primitive 原始的;远古的;简陋的
preserve 保持;保存;保藏 禁猎地
analysis ()分析
specific 详细而精确的;确切的;特定的;具体的
specifically 确切地;具体地;特别地
significance 意义;意思;重要性;重要意义
somehow 以…方式;不知怎么地
systematic 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的
radioactive 放射性的;有辐射能的
radioactivity 放射性
applaud 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏
accelerate 加速;促进
arrest 逮捕;吸引 逮捕;拘留
dizzy 晕眩的;昏迷的;使人发晕或困惑的
relief (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物
affection 恋爱;喜爱
affectionate 充满深情的;有爱心的
patient 耐心的;忍耐的
skilful (英)有技巧的：熟练的(~美~skillful)
punctuation 标点符号
重要短语
show…around 领某人参观
regardless of 不管;不顾
keep out… 阻止…进入
cut up 切碎
look ahead 向前看;为未来打算
pronounced French accent 明显的法国口音
#p#副标题#e#60道最难英语词汇题
We can"t ___ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short
hope
wait
expect
imagine
The noise was so ____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of
dim
soft
faint
gentle
His landlady gave him a week"s ___ to leave the
threat
notice
advice
caution
Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, ___ at the other
anyone
the others
that
the ones
When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above
average
ordinary
regular
normal
It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central_____ must be taken by scientists and
process
attention
measure
part
These plastic flowers look so ___ that many people think they are
beautiful
natural
artificial
similar
When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had ___ to visit London on
opportunity
possibility
occasion
chance
The most important ___ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the
element
spot
sense
point
It has always been the ___ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social
plan
campaign
procedure
policy
I remember her face but I cannot___ where I met
recall
remind
remember
remark
He has left his book here on___, so that you can read
purpose
intention
aim
meaning
The open university was started in order to help those who ___ having a university education when they were stopped
failed
missed
ceased
We won"t know whether it will be We won"t know whether there will be good
ends
results
effects
causes
Comrade Li Dazhao,___ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist
sometimes
sometime
some time
some times
patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them
correct
perfect
right
well
And you find that you"re not to be ___ with a position of real
offered
trusted
furnished
retained
She got married although her parents had not given her their
allowance
consent
permit
appreciation
At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it __ his mind that she was trying to tell him
crossed
passed
occurred
opened
When college students ___ future employment, they often think of status, income, and
demand
assume
apply
anticipate
___her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with
convinced
reinforced
pledged
required
I caught a___ of the car before it disappeared around the
glance
glimpse
glare
stare
The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to ___ its improved
advocate
demonstrate
exhibit
reveal
After dinner the minister made a short ___ to the
delivery
pronunciation
conversation
speech
The old man got into the ___ of storing money under the
tradition
habit
use
custom
One-room schoolhouses can still be found in ___ areas where there are no other schools for many
disposed
deserted
isolated
abandoned
It"s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not
behavior
action
manner
movement
Before the final examination, many students have shown ___ of Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their
anxiety
marks
signs
remarks
When you do exercises, your heart works It is able to____ more blood while beating more
produce
pump
increase
bump
—Yangyang carried off the first winter Olympic ___ medal for
—Great! What ____ she won for our motherland!
golden/ honor
gold/ honor
golden/ honors
gold/ honors
The problem is not ____ so easy as you It"s far from being
hardly
almost
nearly
scarcely
"ll____ him off this time but next time he"ll be
leave
let
put
set
— Who on earth could it be?
— It was ____ other than
none
nothing
not
nobody
In the of proof , the police could not take action against the man .
lack
shortage
absence
failure
He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ____ was seen at its best when he worked with
temper
appearance
talent
character
Nowadays sending e-mails to each other is a way many a student ____ what they
conveys
delivers
express
account
—How do you ____ to her unkindly behavior?
—Only
Which of the following is wrong?
react
answer
reply
respond
Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between and Brown without hurting the feeling of ___, but failed .
none
either
both
neither
Does this car give you good ___for your money ?
value
price
worth
cost
—Where Chongqing do you decide to build the factory ?
—Nobody our manager
except/ besides
but/ besides
but/ but
except/ besides
It seemed that Ivy was in no____ this evening to listen to my
mind
mood
feeling
emotion
Sensible people don"t think it is___ to buy things which are not needed even at a low
worth
worthy
wothless
worthwhile
you arrive at the hotel, you"ll____ notice the friendly staff, who will make your holiday a wonderful
sensitively
scarcely
immediately
obviously
they haven"t a child of their own, they"re going to ____ a little
accept
receive
adapt
adopt
After careful research, it was decided that the spaceship should reenter the Earth"
surface
air
environment
atmosphere
David paused to consult his notes, then___ with his
proceeded
pursed
pronounced
proposed
way of living is___ to people in this small part of the
specific
available
peculiar
particular
The headmaster is to give a formal___ at the annual
address
argument
debate
remark
He had a talent for music and was___ conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of
assigned
appointed
named
honored
Psychologists say that___ our emotions will make us feel better and there is nothing to be ashamed
relieving
relaxing
releasing
removing
After many years" waiting, Chinese people____ realized their dream to hold the Olympic
constantly
eventually
lastly
generally
Such noble deeds of the doctors and nurses can"t be only____ with
rewarded
awarded
praised
valued
Shanghai is so full of____, it seems as if things never
strength
spirit
force
energy
My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a____ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a
group
team
class
gang
When we finally arrived, a lady gave us a ____ introduction of the
clear
brief
main
abstract
A(n)____ is a person who understand people"s
photographer
psychologist
physician
physicist
If you build a house with good____ , it will last
foundation
floor
basis
ground
Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didn"t make any__ to
meaning
importance
sense
significance
Burning all the lights in the classroom will be a great___ on electric
waste
lack
drain
damage
As civilization____, more and more people have realized the importance of preserving rare animals from
stretches
spreads
extends
expands
答案：
1-5 CCBDD 6-10 DBCDD
11-15 AACBB 16-20 CBBAD
21-25 ABBDB 26-30 CAABB
31-35 CBACD 36-40 ABBAC
41-45 BDCDD 46-50 ACABC
51-55 BADDB 56-60 BACCB
高二英语选修知识点 第8篇
attend school去上学
attend church去做礼拜
attend a meeting参加会议
attend one"s class听课
Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 你出席昨天的会议了吗?
Will you attend her wedding next week? 下周你会参加她的婚礼吗?
She was sick so she didn"t attend her 她病了，所以没去上课。
I attended two lecture courses this 今天上午我上了两节课。
看护，照顾;此时可与介词on或upon连用。
There was no one to attend (on)him but his 只有他的姐姐一人照料他。
He has two nurses to attend (on) 有两个护士看护他。
attend to“处理;专心于;注意”
I have an urgent matter to attend 我有件急事要处理。
Attend carefully to what she is saying。专心听她在说什么。
高二英语选修知识点 第9篇
一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
To finish the building in a month is
To do such things is
To see is to (对等)
注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was ++of to do…
(2) It is ++for +to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名词+ to
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes () some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
_注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语， 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the (错)
It is possible for him to come to the
It is possible / probable that he will come to the
二、不定式做表语
主语是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the
Your mistake was not to write that
What I would suggest is to start work at
三 、动词不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)
想要学习 早打算( want learn plan)
快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供选择(agree offer choose)
决定了 已答应(decide be determined promise)
尽力去 着手做(manage undertake)
别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)
失败不是属于你(fail)
refused to lend me his
We hope to get there befo
高二英语选修知识点 第10篇
the ancient Olympic Games 古代奥运会
compete in …compete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场
compete in a race 参加赛跑
compete with [against] for 与某人竞争而获得某物
Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of 我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了荣誉而彼此之间相互竞争。
take part in 参加
We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody
我们大家都得参加跑步训练, 无人例外.
What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? 奥运旗帜上的五环代表什么?
stand for 代表;表示;主张;支持;拥护;容忍;允许
What does "ESL" stand for? "ESL"代表什么?
I won"t stand for his insults any 我再不能容忍他的污辱了。
the official mascots for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会吉祥物
Fuwa，the Official Mascots of Beijing 20XX Olympic Games, carry a message of friendship ,peace and good wishes from China to children all over the
福娃是北京20XX年第29届奥运会吉祥物，它们向世界的孩子们传达友谊、和平和良好的祝福。
come on a magical journey 做梦幻之游come on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧;开始
His French has come on a lot since he joined the conversation
他自从参加了会话班，法语取得了很大进步。
(a) volunteer for (……志愿者)志愿做……
Don"t volunteer for more than you can 别做力不能及的事情。
I want to be a volunteer for 20XX Beijing
我想成为20XX年北京奥运会的志愿者。
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and used to write about the Olympics a long time ago 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
We used to keep in touch with each other by writing 我们过去常写信联系对方。
I am used to reading stories to my daughter every night and she enjoys 我习惯了每天给女儿讲故事，她也非常喜欢这样做。
Wood can be used to make 木头能用来做家具。
There used to be a temple at the place where our school stands 在我们学校所在之处过去有一座庙。
…and both are held every four years on a regular 两个都是定期每四年举行一次。
on a regular basis 定期地He comes to visit us on a regular 他定期来看望我们。
Only atheletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参见奥运会。
I am sure that he will be admitted to Beijing University this 我肯定他今年夏天将被北京大学录取。
This ticket admits two people to the football 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
The cinema admits about 20XX 这座电影院大约可坐 20XX 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no 他的病不容拖延。
He never admits that he is 他从不承认自己错了。
John has admitted breaking the 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
It is in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing, and all the team 跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
No other counries could join in, nor could slaves or 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。
Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics…妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用。
as well 也;又;同样
as well as (除之外)也,既又
以及,又
I write my own songs and I play the guitar as
我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。
A teacher should entertain as well as 教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴趣。
15 There is as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic 国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样地激烈。
So even the olive wreath has been 就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。
David will replace Mike in next week’s tennis 大卫将代替迈克参加下周的网球赛。
The broken parts of the machine must be replaced, otherwise we can’t continue our 这些损害的机器部件必须得换，否则我们无法继续工作。
I have owned my car for almost ten This year I’ll replace it with a new 我的汽车用了差不多十年了，今年我要换一辆新车。
Would you replace the magazine after reading it? 读完杂志后把它放回原处好么?
Put forward your ideas and give reasons for your 提出你的观点并给出你选择的原因。put forward 呈上;提出;提前;拨快(钟表)
Two advices of design are put
提出了两点设计建议。
The reason for this is that this plane is also a 其原因是,这架飞机又是一辆自行车。
reason with for [against]
因赞成[反对]同某人讲道理[辩论]
reason out of his prejudice说服某人消除成见
reason into accepting a proposal说服某人接受建议
be in/under sb’s charge
管理
in charge of 负责
These books were left in your 这些书由你管理。
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the 主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my 我在照看我妹妹。
This ward is in [under]the charge of Dr 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。
How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle? 他修理自行车收了你多少钱?
Do you charge for the use of the office telephone at off-duty time? 下班时间打办公电话你们收不收费?
The boy charged into the 男孩冲进屋里。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at 突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
Those young men were charged by the police with causing a disturbance in the
警察指控那些青年人在这一带犯了扰乱治安罪。
She charged me to look after her 她要我负责看管她的女儿。
physical exercise 体育锻炼
Physical fitness is having a strong healthy 身体健康就是有一个强壮健康的身体。
physical change 物理变化
physical education 体育
rise to one’s feet 站起来，立起。
She was in front in her race when another competitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell 她在比赛中跑在前面，突然另外一个运动员故意推了她一下，结果她摔倒了。
take responsibility for…对……负有责任，负起对……的责任
If you are discovered, you will be 如果被发现，你将被罚款。
He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic 他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
win glory for 为某人赢得荣誉
We must try to win glory for our school!我们必须设法为母校争光。
make a bargain with 与某人成交
promise to do 答应做某事
He has promised to behave better 他答应从今以后要表现得好些。
She promised her brother that she would write to 她答应弟弟将给他写信。
This year promises to be another good one for 今年看来又是个丰收年。
Remember to carry out your promise . 记住要履行诺言。
He broke his promise and did not come to see 他不遵守诺言，没来看我。
The news brings little promise of 这消息使和平无望。
She practised running to compete in the Olympic 为了参加奥运会她练习跑步。
Atlanta married him and lived happily ever Atlanta和他结了婚，从那以后幸福地生活。
one after another 一个接一个地Difficulties arise one after 困难相继出现.
deserve to do sth
理应做，值得做
deserve attention [sympathy]
值得注意[同情]
deserve to be rewarded [punished] 该奖[罚]
If you do wrong, you deserve 你如做错事, 应当受罚。
Apart from playing at school I go to sports school every 除了在学校踢球之外，我每周末都去体校。
She keeps herself apart from (ie does not mix with) other 她与别人保持距离(不与别人混在一起).
It"s a good piece of work, apart from a few slight 除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件漂亮的工作。
I especially like playing on the wing like Beckham but being a striker is good as 我尤其喜欢像贝克汉姆一样踢边锋，但是当一名射球手一样好。
Dance and sing, Time"s on the 跳吧，唱吧，光阴似箭。
be active in
积极于
This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will 这很重要因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会变得越好。
Don’t be shy about making 别害怕犯错误。
In this way you will become confident in speaking 这样你就会对说英语充满信心。
One has to be confident in 一个人一定要对自己有信心。
高二英语选修知识点 第11篇
A: Key Words and Expressions:
Which of the news media above is the most reliable? 以上的新闻媒体中哪一种最可靠?
reliable 可信赖的; 可依靠的; 确定的
They are reliable 他们是可信赖的朋友。
Is the source of the information reliable? 那个消息的来源可靠吗?
[链接] reliably 可靠地;确实地 reliability 可靠性;可信赖性
The man was 那个人被解雇了。
fire的动词用法
(1) 解雇，开除
The company fired him for not coming to work on 那个公司因他不按时上班解雇了他。
(2) 发射
He fired his gun at the big 他开枪打那条大蛇。
(3) 激发(人、感情等)，使充满热情
The story fired his 这个故事激发了他的想象力。
The man faced
(1) face 面临(困难等)，应付， 面对;(危险、困难等)迫近
可与介词 to/ towards / on连用
We must face our trouble and bear 我们必须正视我们的困难并勇于承受。
The house faces south/the south/to the 那房子面朝南。
面临(困难、危险等)
He faced the difficulty with
He faced the enemy
[短语]
be faced with 面临，面对 face up to面对;承担
face the music接受(不愉快的后果或情况)(对自己的行为结果)负起责任;接受批评)
I was faced with a new 我面临了新问题。
She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer
她无法面对自己不再年轻的现实。
The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the
那个男孩被发现考试作弊，不得不接受惩罚。
I must face the music and accept 我一定接受批评并承担责任。
If anything goes wrong，“is 1 who will have to face the
如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。
(2) difficulty表示“难，困难”时用作不可数名词，表示“难题，难事”时用作可数名词。
She learned to speak English without 她毫无困难地学会了讲英语。
We will face many difficulties in the 将来我们要面临许多难题。
l"m in a bit of a difficulty over paying my 我对付房租有点困难，
在下列句式或短语中，difficulty是不可数名词。
have(much/no/1ittle)difficulty with
have/find(much/no/little)difficulty(in)doing
There is(no/1ittle/much)difficulty(in)doing
with/without difficulty困难地/轻易地
I don"t have much difficulty with English 我对学英语语法没什么困难。
She had no difficulty in finding the 她毫无困难地找到了那间房子。
The patient had difficulty 那个病人呼吸困难。
She found no difficulty in solving the 她发现解决那个问题没什么困难。
There was little difficulty in understanding 理解他的意思没什么困难。
She calmed her daughter with some 她费了力气才使女儿平静下来。
He finished the work without much 他很轻松地完成了工作。
The man was
generous 慷慨的;大方的;宽容的;豁达的;丰富的，丰盛的
He is generous with his 他出手大方。
He gave me a generous 他请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。
[链接] generous 慷慨地 generosity 慷慨大方
is a list of ten things that happened 以下列出了今天发生的十件事。
本句为倒装句，正常语序应为：A list of ten things that happened today is
below看作副词，表示方位，当表示方位的状语或表语位于句首时，句子采用全部倒装的结构，即把谓语动词的所有组成部分都移到主语之前。这类作状语或表语的词常见的有：away, down, in, off, out, over, up, above, below, here, there及介词短语与分词。
Here is a seat for 这儿有你的一个座位。
There goes the bell!铃响了。
Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late
黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。
elected a new
elect 选举，推选
They elected a / They elected him as
他们选举了总统。/ 他们选举他为总统。
注意：若选举某人担任某职位，且该职位只有一个时，通常不用冠词。
Our classmates elected him as/to be/our/as our
They elected the old man to be chairman of the 他们推选那位老人为俱乐部主席。
[辨析] elect, pick out, choose
elect是指通过正式手续的选举。
Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the
罗斯福四次当选为美国总统。
choose通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择。
We had to choose between leaving early and paying for a
我们不得不在早点动身和雇计程车中间作出选择。
There are ten to choose
pick out比较通俗，指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，多用于有行的东西。
She picked out a scarf to wear with the
她挑选了一条围巾以配上她穿的衣服。
prices are going 食品价格在上涨。
go up上升，增长，提高
The temperature has gone
The lift went up to the fourth 电梯升到了四楼。
house in your city burnt Nobody was
你们镇上一座房子被烧毁。无人员伤亡。
(1)burn down 烧毁;使烧毁【强调破坏性】;(由于燃料烧尽)火力减弱
These houses were burnt down to the 这些房子被烧毁。
The fire is burning down, get some more coal
[比较] burn up烧尽，烧光【强调动作的结果】;(火，炉等)烧起来，旺起来
Put some wood on the fire and make it burn
(2) injure 使受伤;损害，伤害(感情)
She injured herself while 她在滑冰时受了伤。
The earthquake killed 20XX people and inured 3000。
地震造成20XX人死亡，3000人受伤。
He got badly inured in the 在这次事故中他受了重伤。
The injured were taken to 伤员被送往医院。
Smoking will inure your 吸烟会损害你的健康。
I hope l didn"t inure her 我希望没有伤害她的感情。
Her refusal inured his 她拒绝了他，伤了他的自尊心。